The tradition of applied linguistics established itself in part as a
response to the narrowing of focus in linguistics with the advent in the
late 1950s of generative linguistics, and has always maintained a socially-accountable role, demonstrated by its central interest in language problems.
Although the field of applied linguistics started from Europe and the
United States, the field rapidly flourished in the international
context.
Applied linguistics first concerned itself with principles and
practices on the basis of linguistics. In the early days, applied
linguistics was thought as “linguistics-applied” at least from the
outside of the field. In the 1960s, however, applied linguistics was
expanded to include language assessment, language policy, and second language acquisition. As early as the 1970s, applied linguistics became a problem-driven field rather than theoretical linguistics,
including the solution of language-related problems in the real world.
By the 1990s, applied linguistics had broadened including critical
studies and multilingualism. Research in applied linguistics was shifted
to "the theoretical and empirical investigation of real world problems
in which language is a central issue."
In the United States, applied linguistics also began narrowly as the
application of insights from structural linguistics—first to the
teaching of English in schools and subsequently to second and foreign
language teaching. The linguistics applied approach to language teaching was promulgated most strenuously by Leonard Bloomfield, who developed the foundation for the Army Specialized Training Program, and by Charles C. Fries, who established the English Language Institute (ELI) at the University of Michigan in 1941. In 1948, the Research Club at Michigan established Language Learning: A Journal of Applied Linguistics, the first journal to bear the term applied linguistics.
In the late 1960s, applied linguistics began to establish its own
identity as an interdisciplinary field of linguistics concerned with
real-world language issues. The new identity was solidified by the
creation of the American Association for Applied Linguistics in 1977.
Linguistics is the scientificstudy of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 4th century BCE Indian grammarian Pāṇi who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his Aṣṭādhyāyī
Linguists traditionally analyse human language by observing an interplay between sound and meaning.Phonetics
is the study of speech and non-speech sounds, and delves into their
acoustic and articulatory properties. The study of language meaning,
on the other hand, deals with how languages encode relations between
entities, properties, and other aspects of the world to convey, process,
and assign meaning, as well as manage and resolve ambiguity. While the study of semantics typically concerns itself with truth conditions, pragmatics deals with how situational context influences the production of meaning.
Grammar is a system of rules which governs the production and use of utterances in a given language. These rules apply to soundas well as meaning, and include componential sub-sets of rules, such as those pertaining to phonology (the organisation of phonetic sound systems), morphology (the formation and composition of words), and syntax (the formation and composition of phrases and sentences).Modern theories that deal with the principles of grammar are largely based within Noam Chomsky's ideological school of generative grammar.
In the early 20th century, Ferdinand de Saussure distinguished between the notions of langue and parole in his formulation of structural linguistics. According to him, parole is the specific utterance of speech, whereas langue refers to an abstract phenomenon that theoretically defines the principles and system of rules that govern a language. This distinction resembles the one made by Noam Chomsky between competence and performance in his theory of transformative or generative grammar. According to Chomsky, competence is an individual's innate capacity and potential for language (like in Saussure's langue), while performance is the specific way in which it is used by individuals, groups, and communities (ie, parole, in Saussurean terms).
The study of parole (which manifests through cultural discourses and dialects) is the domain of sociolinguistics, the sub-discipline that comprises the study of a complex system of linguistic facets within a certain speech community (governed by its own set of grammatical rules and laws). Discourse analysis further examines the structure of texts and conversations emerging out of a speech community's usage of language. This is done through the collection of linguistic data, or through the formal discipline of corpus linguistics, which takes naturally occurring texts and studies the variation of grammatical and other features based on such corpora (or corpus data).
Stylistics also involves the study of written, signed, or spoken discourse through varying speech communities, genres, and editorial or narrative formats in the mass media. In the 1960s, Jacques Derrida,
for instance, further distinguished between speech and writing, by
proposing that written language be studied as a linguistic medium of
communication in itself.Palaeography is therefore the discipline that studies the evolution of written scripts (as signs and symbols) in language.The formal study of language also led to the growth of fields like psycholinguistics, which explores the representation and function of language in the mind; neurolinguistics, which studies language processing in the brain; biolinguistics, which studies the biology and evolution of language; and language acquisition, which investigates on how children and adults acquire the knowledge of one or more languages.
Linguistics also deals with the social, cultural, historical and
political factors that influence language, through which linguistic and
language-based context is often determined. Research on language through the sub-branches of historical and evolutionary linguistics also focus on how languages change and grow, particularly over an extended period of time.
Language documentation
combines anthropological inquiry (into the history and culture of
language) with linguistic inquiry, in order to describe languages and
their grammars. Lexicography
involves the documentation of words that form a vocabulary. Such a
documentation of a linguistic vocabulary from a particular language is
usually compiled in a dictionary. Computational linguistics
is concerned with the statistical or rule-based modeling of natural
language from a computational perspective. Specific knowledge of
language is applied by speakers during the act of translation and interpretation, as well as in language education – the teaching of a second or foreign language. Policy makers work with governments to implement new plans in education and teaching which are based on linguistic research.
Well-conducted, and with good health status.
1. Application Form
Please upload your finished application form here.
2. Health certificate
Photocopy of notarized foreigner physical examination record (for durations of study over 6 months)
3. Financial support statement
Official Bank Statement(equivalent to RMB150,000.00)
4. Resume
Written in Chinese or in English
5. Study plan
Study plan (on less than 800 words in English or Chinese)
6. Commitment Letter
[only for Confucius Scholarship]Commitment
Letter in Chinese with your signature. The applicant will be engaged in
Chinese language teaching for at least 5 years after graduation (written
in Chinese and signed)
7. Passport photo
A recent passport-sized photo of the applicant
8. Certificate of HSK
Certificate of HSK (Chinese Proficiency Test)
9. Photocopy of valid passport
With name, passport number & expiration date, and photo included
10. Certificate/diploma of highest education
Graduation certificate in languages other
than Chinese or English should be translated into Chinese or English and
be certified by notarization.
11. Academic transcript of highest education
A photocopy of the transcript
Applicants should offer a photocopies of their notarized final schooling
certificate and school report in Chinese or English version.
12. Two letters of recommendation
From professor or associate professor or equivalents
13. Personal Statement
Written in Chinese (1000 words for Master
Degree candidate and 1500 words for Doctor Degree candidate). Should
present education background, work experience, academic research
results, research proposal, and personal development plan and etc.
14. Copy of article or papers published
The indexes and abstracts of published theses/dissertation or other materials to prove applicant's research ability.
Answer: ACASC charges a service fee of 50$ for using its online application portal. Applying through ACASC into Chinese universities attracts a service fee of $50.
Answer: Yes. ACASC gives the applicants, the chance to directly apply to their desired universities through our online application portal. We have synchronized our system to create a simple platform that connects universities and colleges in China to international students all around the world.
Answer: To track the application status, please log in your ACASC personal account. Whenever there’s an update, you will be informed on your application status through ACASC system within a day as soon as we receive university’s notification. You will simultaneously receive ACASC auto-email about the application status. To directly inquire about your application status, feel free to send us an email to admission@acasc.cn and our team will keep you updated.
Answer: When an application is pending a decision it means that your school has received it and no admissions decision has been made yet. The admissions office may have reviewed your application package or may not have.
The main cause of a pending application is usually incomplete application documents. As a result you will be requested by the school’s admission office to re-check and modify all submitted application documents or perhaps even add extra documents and then re-submit them.
To avoid further delays, carefully read the university’s comments, modify your application form on ACASC, and re-upload the required application documents. You can contact ACASC on admission@acasc.cn for any help with regards to your pending application
Processing time varies for different applications. For example to process a degree program application requires more time than a Chinese language application. Confirmation for Chinese language application by the admission office usually takes 2 to 4 weeks. However, time for degree programs application differs. For example fall semester application processing is after March, and it takes a period of 1 to 2 months. This also depends on your qualification and the number of applicants.
