Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processeswithin and relating to living organisms.By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost allareas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is on understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of tissues, organs, and whole organisms—that is, all of biology.
Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life.Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.
Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biologicalmacromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can beinorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids, which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of diseases. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health wellness and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies.[9] In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.
Molecular biology /.əˈlɛkjʊlər/ concerns the molecular basis of biological activity betweenbiomolecules in the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA, and proteins and their biosynthesis, as well as the regulation of these interactions.[1]Writing in Nature in 1961, William Astbury described molecular biology as:
"...not so much a technique as an approach, an approach from the viewpoint of the so-called basic sciences with the leading idea of searching below the large-scale manifestations of classical biology for the corresponding molecular plan. It is concerned particularly with the forms of biological molecules and [...] is predominantly three-dimensional and structural—which does not mean, however, that it is merely a refinement of morphology. It must at the same time inquire into genesis and function
1.Undergraduate
(1) The applicant must be a foreign citizen holding a valid passport, aged 18 or over, in good health, and willing to abide by Chinese laws and regulations and the rules and regulations of the school and respect the customs and habits of the Chinese people;
(2) Applicants must have a high school diploma;
(3) Applicants study Chinese literature, Chinese history, and Chinese philosophy. The HSK must be up to 4; other classes must be up to 3 levels. For example, if the HSK level does not reach the corresponding level, the school may organize a Chinese proficiency test. If the test reaches a certain level of Chinese, you may apply for a 1-2 year probation.
2. Master student
(1) The applicant must be a foreign citizen holding a valid passport, aged 18 or over, in good health, and willing to abide by Chinese laws and regulations and the rules and regulations of the school and respect the customs and habits of the Chinese people;
(2) The applicant has a university degree certificate and a bachelor degree certificate;
(3) The applicant must have a HSK certificate (Level 5); if the HSK level does not reach the corresponding level, the school can organize a Chinese proficiency test. If the test reaches a certain level of Chinese, you can apply for a test. Read 1-2 years;
(4) 1 copy of each of the "Expert Recommendations" of the two associate professors (or specialists with quite professional titles) in the professional fields of the subject.
3. Doctoral students
(1) The applicant must be a foreign citizen holding a valid passport, aged 18 or over, in good health, and willing to abide by Chinese laws and regulations and the rules and regulations of the school and respect the customs and habits of the Chinese people;
(2) The applicant has a master's degree certificate and a master's degree certificate;
Applicants have a HSK certificate (Level 6); if the HSK level does not reach the corresponding level, the school can organize a Chinese proficiency test. If the test reaches a certain level of Chinese, you can apply for a 1-2 year;
(4) 1 copy of each of the “Expert Recommendations” of the two professors (or experts with quite professional titles) in the professional field of the subject.
1. Apply for Chinese learners need to submit the following application materials:
① Application Form for Foreign Students of Guangxi University for Nationalities
②Copy of passport
③Certificate of highest education
2. Applicants for undergraduate study must submit the following application materials:
①Application Form for Foreign Students of Guangxi University for Nationalities
② Copy of passport
③ Copy of Chinese HSK Certificate (Grade 4 or above)
④ High school graduation certificate notarized (Chinese or English)
3. Applicants for Master's degree students must submit the following application materials:
① Application Form for Foreign Students of Guangxi University for Nationalities
② Copy of passport
③ Copy of Chinese HSK Certificate (Grade 5 or above)
④Corresponding diplomas, degree certificates, academic transcripts (Chinese or English notarized; graduates can submit graduation certificates first)
⑤ Letters of recommendation from two experts (advanced professor or above)
⑥Study Plan (about 800 words, written in Chinese, including application for study, research direction)
(C) application procedures
1. Application materials are sent to the Institute of International Education, Guangxi University for Nationalities by mail, fax, email or personal delivery
2. Guangxi University for Nationalities accepted the application, reviewed the materials, and sent "Guangxi University for Nationalities Admission Notice" and "Foreigners coming to China to apply for a visa" to those who meet the conditions for admission.
3. Those who have been admitted hold “Guangxi University for Nationalities Admission Notice” and “Application Form for Study Visas for Foreign Students Visiting China” to apply for an X or F visa at the Chinese Embassy (Consulate) in China.
(D) Admission procedures
Hold an X or F visa and go to the Guangxi University for Nationalities in accordance with the “Guangxi National University Admission Notice”.
1. Submit the following materials:
① Admission Notice of Guangxi University for Nationalities and Application Form for Study Visas for Foreign Students Entering China
② Original passport
③ Certificate of graduation, degree certificate, HSK certificate
④ passport photos 8
2. Pay for study, accommodation, etc.
3. Accommodation in the dormitory
4. Physical examination
5. Apply for a residence permit and enter professional study